Overloading, Overriding, Runtime Types and Object Orientation Certification Objectives

( 1.4 Objectives are identical )

• State the benefit of encapsulation in object oriented design and write code that implements tightly encapsulated classes and the relationships "is a" and "has a".
  
  
• Write code to invoke overridden or overloaded methods and parental or overloaded constructors; and describe the effect of invoking these methods.
  
  
• Write code to construct instances of any concrete class including normal top level classes, inner classes, static inner classes, and anonymous inner classes.