Operators and Assignments - Logical Operators

Boolean logical operators & | and ^

• when both operands are boolean the result of the bitwise operators & | and ^ is a boolean
• & - true if both operands are true, otherwise false
• ^ - true if both operands are different, otherwise false
• | - false if both operands are false, otherwise, true

    
    true & true   = true;       // both operands true
    true & false  = false;      // one operand is false    
    
    true ^ false  = true;       // both operands are different
    true ^ true   = false;      // both operands are the same
    
    true  | false = true;       // one operand is true
    false | false = false;      // both operands are false 

Conditional AND Operator &&

• both operands must be boolean
• result is a boolean
• returns true if both operands are true, otherwise false
• evaluates the right-hand operand only if the left-hand operand is true

    
    true && true  = true;      // both operands evaluated
    false && true = false;     // only left-operand evaluated

Conditional OR Operator ||

• both operands must be boolean
• result is a boolean
• returns true if one of the operands is true
• evaluates the right-hand operand only if the left-hand operands is false

    false || true  = true;    // both operands evaluated
    false || false = false;
    true  || false = true;    // only lef-operand evaluated
    true  || true  = true;

The conditional operators are also referred to as short-circuit operators.

Also see

• Integer Bitwise operators

Example Code

• TestLogical.java