Java Quick Reference - Declarations and Access Control

Language Fundamentals

Operators and Assignments

Flow Control and Exceptions

Declarations and Access Control

Garbage Collection

Overloading and Overriding

Threads

The java.lang Package

The java.util Package

The java.awt Package

The java.io Package

References

Miscellaneous Notes

Tips & Traps

Mock Exams

Declarations and Access Control - Access Modifiers

Modifier	Used with	Description
public	Classes Interfaces Constructors Inner Classes Methods Field variables	A Class or Interface may be accessed from outside its package. Constructors, Inner Classes, Methods and Field variables may be accessed from wherever their class is accessed.
protected	Constructors Inner Classes Methods Field variables	May be accessed by other classes in the same package or from any subclasses of the class in which they are declared.
private	Constructors Inner Classes Methods Field variables	May be accessed only from within the class in which they are declared.
no modifier	Classes Interfaces Constructors Inner Classes Methods Field variables	May only be accessed from within the package in which they are declared.